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2024, Vol: 14, Issue: 1
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Research Article 


Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil.


Cited By:6

Abstract
Objective: To find factors related with delayed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients presenting to the hospitals of Rawalpindi.<br>Methods: A cross sectional observation study was carried out in Benazir Bhutto Hospital, District head quarter Hospital, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Military Hospital and Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from February 2016 to September 2016. A total of one hundred ninety patients of pulmonary tuberculosis were interviewed through convenient sampling by a formulated questionnaire.<br>Results: Mean total delay was 114.48 days whereas median total delay was 53.5 days. Mean patient delay was 33.25 days and mean health care delay was 81.23 days. On multivariate analysis unemployment was associated with patients delay whereas healthcare delay was associated with smear negative TB and patients self-realization that there is delay in diagnosis.<br>Conclusion: This study shows that there is a long delay in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in our country. Unemployment is main factor related to patient delay. Improving TB knowledge and socio-economic status of individuals may help in the earlier diagnosis. Adequate training of healthcare workers in diagnosing smear negative TB and improvement in health care services may also help to reduce the long healthcare delays. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 7(3):119-124

Key words: delay; diagnosis; pulmonary tuberculosis


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil. Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017; 7(3): 119-124 . doi:10.5799/jmid.367424

Web Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil. Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=302657183 [Access: April 27, 2024]. doi:10.5799/jmid.367424

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil. Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017; 7(3): 119-124 . doi:10.5799/jmid.367424


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil. Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2017), [cited April 27, 2024]; 7(3): 119-124 . doi:10.5799/jmid.367424


Harvard Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil (2017) Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 7 (3), 119-124 . doi:10.5799/jmid.367424


Turabian Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil. 2017. Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 7 (3), 119-124 . doi:10.5799/jmid.367424


Chicago Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil. "Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 7 (2017), 119-124 . doi:10.5799/jmid.367424


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil. "Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 7.3 (2017), 119-124 . Print. doi:10.5799/jmid.367424


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Usman Ali, Usama bin Zubair, Asma Ambreen, Husnain Yousaf, Fatima Kaleem, Kanwal Fatima Khalil (2017) Delay in diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Study of factors related to patients and health care system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 7 (3), 119-124 . doi:10.5799/jmid.367424


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Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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