E-ISSN 2146-9369 | ISSN 2146-3158
 
2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 1
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Case Report


Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge

Surafel Nadew Firdawoke, Abdi Dandena Dibaba, Abera Kuma Begna, Selam Hagos Gebrewahd, Samrawit Gizaw.


Abstract
Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with central nervous system (CNS) TB being a rare but serious form associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is crucial because symptoms can overlap with other conditions.

Case Presentation:
A 38-year-old male presented with progressive dysphagia, vomiting, and weight loss. Initialinvestigations suggested gastrointestinal issues, but further neurological evaluation revealed ataxia. MRI revealed a Tuberculoma in the right lateral medulla, causing the lateral medullary syndrome. The patient was started on anti-TB treatment and showed significant improvement, with lesion resolution after 12 months.

Conclusion:
CNS TB can present with nonspecific symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. In this case, thetuberculoma caused dysphagia by affecting the cranial nerves involved in swallowing. Early diagnosis and imaging are vital for timely treatment. This case highlights the importance of considering CNS TB in patients with unexplained swallowing difficulties, particularly in TB-endemic regions, to ensure prompt treatment and better outcomes.

Key words: Dysphagia, Tuberculosis, Central nervous system, Diagnosis, Prognosis


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Firdawoke SN, Dibaba AD, Begna AK, Gebrewahd SH, Gizaw S. Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025; 15(1): 32-35. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4

Web Style

Firdawoke SN, Dibaba AD, Begna AK, Gebrewahd SH, Gizaw S. Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=232447 [Access: April 10, 2025]. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Firdawoke SN, Dibaba AD, Begna AK, Gebrewahd SH, Gizaw S. Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025; 15(1): 32-35. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Firdawoke SN, Dibaba AD, Begna AK, Gebrewahd SH, Gizaw S. Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2025), [cited April 10, 2025]; 15(1): 32-35. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4


Harvard Style

Firdawoke, S. N., Dibaba, . A. D., Begna, . A. K., Gebrewahd, . S. H. & Gizaw, . S. (2025) Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 15 (1), 32-35. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4


Turabian Style

Firdawoke, Surafel Nadew, Abdi Dandena Dibaba, Abera Kuma Begna, Selam Hagos Gebrewahd, and Samrawit Gizaw. 2025. Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 15 (1), 32-35. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4


Chicago Style

Firdawoke, Surafel Nadew, Abdi Dandena Dibaba, Abera Kuma Begna, Selam Hagos Gebrewahd, and Samrawit Gizaw. "Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15 (2025), 32-35. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Firdawoke, Surafel Nadew, Abdi Dandena Dibaba, Abera Kuma Begna, Selam Hagos Gebrewahd, and Samrawit Gizaw. "Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15.1 (2025), 32-35. Print. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Firdawoke, S. N., Dibaba, . A. D., Begna, . A. K., Gebrewahd, . S. H. & Gizaw, . S. (2025) Unsuspected central nervous system tuberculosis presenting with dysphagia as a primary complaint: A diagnostic challenge. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 15 (1), 32-35. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i1.4


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