E-ISSN 2146-9369 | ISSN 2146-3158
 

Review Article 


Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya.

Cited By:17

Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever, is a zoonotic infection that caused by<br>CCHF virus (CCHFV) of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus. Transmission occurs mainly by Hyalomma m. marginatum<br>tick exposure. Blood and bloody excretions of the patients are highly infectious and contact of skin and mucous<br>membrane may lead to CCHF transmission. CCHF was described firstly in the Crimean peninsula in 1944, in former Soviet<br>Union and in Kelkit Valley in 2002 in Turkey. By the year 2013, it has been notified in more than 30 countries of Asia,<br>the Middle East, Southeastern part of Europe and Africa. The disease is characterized by fever and thrombocytopenia,<br>in severe cases, hemorrhage and shock. Although, the case fatality rate for the infection is generally ranged from 10 to<br>50%, it was reported as 5% for Turkey. Main targets of CCHFV are immune cells and endothelium. Both innate and adaptive<br>immunity are important for fighting against CCHFV in the host. Headache, fever, fatigue and muscle, joint pain, conjunctival<br>injection, facial hyperemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are<br>the main symptoms and findings for CCHF. Hemorrhagic manifestations including ecchymosis, melena, hematochezia,<br>hematemesis, and epistaxis are commonly seen in severe cases. Supportive treatment is essential and nowadays neither<br>a special drug, nor safe vaccine for humans is available for the treatment and prevention of CCHF. In case of penetrating<br>injury with contaminated material, the oral ribavirin prophylaxis may be offered after the area being washed with soapy<br>water and ethanol. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; Special Issue 1: S1-S9

Key words: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), CCHF virus, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention


 
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Pubmed Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 4(Supplement 1): 1-9 . doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135


Web Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=302657390 [Access: February 03, 2024]. doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 4(Supplement 1): 1-9 . doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2014), [cited February 03, 2024]; 4(Supplement 1): 1-9 . doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135



Harvard Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya (2014) Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 4 (Supplement 1), 1-9 . doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135



Turabian Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya. 2014. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 4 (Supplement 1), 1-9 . doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135



Chicago Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya. "Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 4 (2014), 1-9 . doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya. "Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 4.Supplement 1 (2014), 1-9 . Print. doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

N Elaldi, Safak Kaya (2014) Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 4 (Supplement 1), 1-9 . doi:10.5799/jmid2014.S1.0135