E-ISSN 2146-9369 | ISSN 2146-3158
 
2024, Vol: 14, Issue: 3
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Research Article


Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation

Ibrahim Eldaghayes, Lisa Rothwell, Michael Skinner, Pete Kaiser.


Abstract
Background: Fowlpox virus (FPV) has been used as a vector for many years. To date, surprisingly, very little data exist on the persistence of fowlpox vaccines in chicken tissues, or what kind of immune cells respond to vaccination at the site of inoculation. Although both humoral and cellular- mediated immunity (CMI) play a part in overall immunity against FPV, little is known regarding the cell-mediated immune responses to FPV infection.
Aim: The main aim of this paper was to measure persistence of fowlpox vaccine in skin tissues following vaccination.
Methods: One-day-old chicks were vaccinated with Fowlpox virus FP9. Skin samples were collected from the site of inoculation for several days following vaccination to assess the presence of for FPV, as well as other immune cells including macrophages, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells.
Results: Results showed that FPV does not persist for long, and is cleared by 6 days post-vaccination (dpv). The response of immune cells (macrophages, B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) that infiltrated the site of vaccination was assessed.
Conclusion: The results in this paper reflected the response at the site of inoculation following single vaccination, therefore, further studies regarding viral persistence and infiltration of immune cells at the site of inoculation after booster vaccination should be done.

Key words: Fowlpox virus, FP9, Immune cells, Vaccination, Persistence


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Eldaghayes I, Rothwell L, Skinner M, Kaiser P, . Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024; 14(3): 131-140. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6

Web Style

Eldaghayes I, Rothwell L, Skinner M, Kaiser P, . Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=220668 [Access: October 12, 2024]. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Eldaghayes I, Rothwell L, Skinner M, Kaiser P, . Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024; 14(3): 131-140. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Eldaghayes I, Rothwell L, Skinner M, Kaiser P, . Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2024), [cited October 12, 2024]; 14(3): 131-140. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6


Harvard Style

Eldaghayes, I., Rothwell, L., Skinner, M., Kaiser, P. & (2024) Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 14 (3), 131-140. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6


Turabian Style

Eldaghayes, Ibrahim, Lisa Rothwell, Michael Skinner, Pete Kaiser, and . 2024. Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 14 (3), 131-140. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6


Chicago Style

Eldaghayes, Ibrahim, Lisa Rothwell, Michael Skinner, Pete Kaiser, and . "Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 14 (2024), 131-140. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Eldaghayes, Ibrahim, Lisa Rothwell, Michael Skinner, Pete Kaiser, and . "Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 14.3 (2024), 131-140. Print. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Eldaghayes, I., Rothwell, L., Skinner, M., Kaiser, P. & (2024) Fowlpox virus in chicken’s skin: Persistence and the local immune response at the site of inoculation. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 14 (3), 131-140. doi:10.5455/JMID.2024.v14.i3.6


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Contact Information

All correspondence should be addressed to:

Prof. Ibrahim Eldaghayes

Editor-in-Chief

Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology 

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

University of Tripoli

P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya